Halacha2goThe one minute halacha

Practical Halacha: One minute a day. By Horav Yosef Yeshaya Braun, shlita, Mara D'asra and member of the Badatz of Crown Heights.

Is wearing a cap & gown Chukos Hagoyim?

Following chukos hagoyim (the ways of the non-Jews) is a lav (Torah prohibition), as it states in Parashas Acharei Mos: “Uv’chukoseihem lo seilechu” (do not go in their ways). Chukos hagoyim includes all manner of non-Jewish conduct, not just those specific to ovdei avodah zarah (idol-worshippers). What are they?

According to one interpretation it includes all modes of conduct that were initiated by non-Jews and gained widespread popularity before Jews adopted this behavior. However, a more accepted definition, set forth by the Maharik and codified by the Rema, includes only behaviors that have no ta’am (logical basis) or to’eles (obvious benefit)—and when a Jew performs them they are acting solely to imitate what is in vogue. This description follows the classic reading of the word used in the Torah, chok (statute), which is a regulation outside logic.

Another restriction under chukos hagoyim is conduct that is derech pritzus, shachatz v’gaavah ([an aspect of] immodesty or pretentiousness); the Toras Kohanim also includes elegant dress associated with the non-Jewish elite.

Medical apparel, graduation gowns or other types of uniforms are worn for a specific purpose, and are therefore not considered chukos hagoyim. On the other hand, ripped jeans or other fashions that essentially have neither taam nor toeles can be categorized as chukos hagoyim. Flashy fads that push the limits of modesty and involve derech pritzus, such as certain popular hairstyles, are also a halachic issue. With regard to all modes of dress, the rules of reasonable and useful fashion apply.

Many poskim maintain that non-Jewish traditions originally associated with avodah zarah should also be avoided, even if they later evolved into non-religious customs. Some halachic authorities rule more strictly than the Maharik, considering even non-Jewish mores with a taam or toeles to be chukos hagoyim. Many communities have adopted these extra stringencies on account of the severity associated with violating a lav, and also due to a guiding principle of Chazal, that we, the Jewish people, remain distinct in our behavior and dress from the nations around us.

(For other aspects of chukos hagoyim, see: Halachah #170 on inscribing tombstones in the English language; Halachah #243 on long hairstyles (for men); Halachah #272 on celebrating birthdays; Halachah #527 on imitating postures of non-Jewish origin; Halachah #594 on using secular dates; Halachah #640 on round-number anniversaries.)

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500 Staring at a Wicked Person מ״מ

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487 Letting Someone Else through the Mikvah Turnstile without a Pass מ״מ

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481 Demolishing a Wall of the Shul מ״מ

480 Shanah Rishonah מ״מ

479 A Brachah on Rivers מ״מ

478 Crockpots and Shabbos מ״מ

477 A Milchig Dish Mixed with Fleishig Dishes מ״מ

476 Tefillas Haderech on the Plane מ״מ

475 Glitch in the Airline's Computer System: May I buy the Cheap Tickets? מ״מ

474 Paying for a Shul Dinner from Maaser מ״מ

473 Paying for a Mi Shebeirach from Maaser מ״מ

472 Doughnuts in Halachah מ״מ

471 Hearing Lashon Hara מ״מ

470 Davening in a Foyer מ״מ

469 Shem Shenishtaka: How a Name Becomes Obsolete מ״מ

468 Checking Eggs מ״מ

467 Height of Menorah מ״מ

466 Cutting Oranges on Shabbos מ״מ

465 If there is no Kohen... מ״מ

464 Mezuzah in Offices and Schools מ״מ

463 Knowing Hashem or Believing? מ״מ

462 Kashering Glass מ״מ

461 Must Granolas be Bishul Yisrael? מ״מ

460 May one Prepare Sushi on Shabbos? מ״מ

459 How to Count Seven Days for Sheva Brachos? מ״מ

458 Are Styrofoam Cups Kosher? מ״מ

457 What can be Wrong with Dentures? מ״מ

456 V'sen Tal U'matar for Travelers מ״מ

455 Making your own Yom Tov מ״מ

454 Why Do Non Jews Work on Shabbos in Shuls? מ״מ

453 What do I Need to Know to Fulfill the Mitzvah of Talmud Torah? מ״מ

452 Leaning During Shemoneh Esrai מ״מ

451 Identification System to Distinguish between Rashi and Rabbeinu Tam Tefillin מ״מ

450 Secular Newspapers or Websites מ״מ

449 If I Forgot to Say the Morning Blessings... מ״מ

448 Making Ice on Shabbos מ״מ

447 Kiddush Levanah for Women מ״מ

446 Moving a Sefer Torah to Another Shul מ״מ

445 Separating Attached Yogurts on Shabbos מ״מ

444 Adoption in Halachah מ״מ

443 Can I Use Hot Water from a Fleishig Pot for A Milchig Coffee? מ״מ

442 A Non-Jew Using an Elevator on Shabbos for a Wheelchair Patient מ״מ

441 Drying Lettuce in a Salad Spinner on Shabbos מ״מ

440 How Should a Chazan Use His Beautiful Voice? מ״מ

439 Is A Person Who Uses Unfiltered Internet Kosher as a Witness? מ״מ

438 Al Hamichya instead of Benching and Other Mistakes מ״מ

437 Prostate Surgery מ״מ

436 Is Shabbos Makeup Kosher for Shabbos? מ״מ

435 Can my Blender be Considered Parve if I Used it to Blend Meat?� מ״מ

434 Saying Tehillim Baal Peh מ״מ

433 Sealing Windows or Doors מ״מ

432 Why is Talking During Davening So Severe? מ״מ

431 Dropping Off Your Shaimos in Shul מ״מ

430 How Much Challah Should I Bake? מ״מ

429 Leaning on a Bimah מ״מ

428 Living in a Frum Neighborhood מ״מ

427 Does a Bechor Receive a Double Portion from Savings Accounts? מ״מ

426 The Brachah of Granola מ״מ

425 Separate Grates for Dairy and Meat מ״מ

424 Break between Shacharis and Leining מ״מ

423 Tevilas Ezra מ״מ

422 Mezuzah When Renting מ״מ

421 May a Pashran (Arbitratror) Change His Psak? מ״מ

420 Morning Brachos at Home מ״מ

419 Kiddushin: Not a Laughing Matter

418 How to Repay a Loan?

417 Waiting 24 Hours Before Kashering

416 We Need a Tenth for the Minyan: Are You Bar Mitzvah?

415 The Mitzvah of Hakhel

414 If a Pot is Too Heavy to Hold

413 Payment for Work Done on Shabbos

412 Yom Kippur: How Often Can I Make a Berachah on Besamim?

411 Bimah in the Middle of Shul מ״מ

410 Undershirt Tzitzis

409 Children in Shul

408 Broken Chicken Bones or Discoloration

407 Greeting an Avel

406 Sleeping on Rosh Hashanah

405 5776: Shnas Hakhel

404 A Mistake in the Raffle

403 Shul Seats from Maaser Money

402 Checking Placement of Mezuzos

401 Kavanah During Davening

400 When May One Pay More Than What They Borrowed?

399 The Mitzvah of Emulating Hashem

398 When Forgetting Where You Put Something is Considered Negligence

397 The Mitzvah of Ahavas Yisroel

396 Customs for Ground Breaking Ceremony

395 Toveling Snapple

394 Money Awarded by a Secular Court when Suing a Jew מ״מ

393 The Obligation to Report when Witnessing Damages מ״מ

392 Facing with your Back to the Aron Kodesh מ״מ

391 Davening at a Distant Shule מ״מ

390 Klolei Haposkim: General Guidelines in Halachah מ״מ

389 Is a Minor Permitted to Place the Parshiyos in the Tefillin? מ״מ

388 Suicide in Halachah

387 Har Sinai in Shule: Reading the Torah

386 Get Your Clothing Yourself!

385 Are Gifts for Sale?

384 Do I Pay Back the Real or Discount Price?

383 When Can Holy Items Be Used for Mundane Purposes?

382 Reciting Tehillim מ״מ

381 What Does the Mitzvah of Teshuvah Entail? מ״מ

380 Which Liquids are Acceptable for Netilas Yadayim? מ״מ

379 Lo Tisgodedu: Conflicting Rulings in One Community מ״מ

378 What Mikvah is Kosher for Men? מ״מ

377 Reciting Tefillas Haderech for Others מ״מ

376 Panim Chadashos and the Minyan for Sheva Brachos מ״מ

375 Playing Ball in a Park on Shabbos מ״מ

374 Privacy in the Back Yard מ״מ

373 Visiting Kivrei Tzadikim

372 Beverages for Kiddush: Order of Priority מ״מ

371 Helping Childless Couples מ״מ

370 Father-in-law and Son-In-in Law Sharing Names מ״מ

369 Can a Non-Jew Light Shabbos Candles for Me? מ״מ

368 How Much Bread Requires Washing with a Brachah? מ״מ

367 Kashering a Microwave מ״מ

366 Laws of Nursing מ״מ

365 Six Hour Waiting Period for Sharp Foods מ״מ

364 Tisha B'Av After Chatzos

363 Exercise on Shabbos

362 Building the Beis Hamikdash

361 Microscopic Reality in Halachah

360 Talking while Eating

359 Toiveling Electric Dishes

358 The Early Minchah

357 Fake Money on Shabbos

356 Children as Shomrim for Yichud

355 OCD in Halachah

354 Changing Diapers in front of Sefarim מ״מ

353 The Brachah on Sushi

352 The Rule of Shtei Kedeiros (Two Pots) מ״מ

351 How to Recite Kabbolas Shabbos מ״מ

350 Motioning during Davening מ״מ

349 Supporting Torah vs. Buying a Sefer Torah מ״מ

348 Kashrus of Battim מ״מ

347 Payment for a Mohel מ״מ

346 Behavior on a Fast Day מ״מ

345 Tosefes Shabbos (Adding to Shabbos): Mentally or Verbally? מ״מ

344 Zecher L'Churban (Remembering the Destruction of the Beis Hamikdash) when Renovating מ״מ

343 Interest Accrued in Savings Account over Shabbos מ״מ

342 The Parameters of Adopting a Chumrah (Stringency) מ״מ

341 Mesiras Nefesh (Self Sacrifice) Beyond the Law מ״מ

340 Bar Metzra (The Neighbor's Right) when Purchasing Property from a Non-Jew מ״מ

339 Potatoes Added to Cholent before Shabbos מ״מ

338 Accessing the Car Trunk on Shabbos מ״מ

337 Acceptance and Expulsion Policies in Schools מ״מ

336 Activities Forbidden Before Davening מ״מ

335 Kiddush in the Presence of Women's Hair מ״מ

334 Genizah (Kosher Burial) for Accessories of Seforim (Holy Books) מ״מ

333 The Mitzvah of Cleaving to Tzadikim מ״מ

332 Changing Locations when Eating מ״מ

331 When Wine used at a Chuppah needs to be Replaced מ״מ

330 Testing Children Who are Unprepared מ״מ

329 When to Recite Hagomel מ״מ

328 May Neighbors Object to a Playgroup? מ״מ

327 Muktzah with a Holy Coin מ״מ

326 May I call my Son Avremil? מ״מ

325 Mikvah for Intermarried Women מ״מ

324 Brachah on the Remaining Tofel (Secondary Food) מ״מ

323 Drinking in the Shower מ״מ

322 The Yud Knot of Tefillin מ״מ

321 Shabbos at a Hotel מ״מ

320 Pronouncing Hashem's Name when Saying L'shem Yichud מ״מ

319 Is a Toy'en an Acceptable Profession? מ״מ

318 When Challah is Separated from Afar מ״מ

317 Hatoras Nedarim over the Phone מ״מ

316 Harei At... Under the Chuppah מ״מ

315 Maftir to Someone Who Has Difficulty Reading מ״מ

314 Mezuzah: Buying after Renting מ״מ

313 Cooked by a Mechalel Shabbos מ״מ

312 Kiddush Levana on a Cloudy Day מ״מ

311 Sheva Brachos during Seudah Shlishis מ״מ

310 What to Disclose to a Prospective Shidduch?

309 Pet Birds in Halachah

308 Mikvah for Men before Davening

307 Washing after Blood Tests

306 Answering Theoretical Questions regarding Financial Disputes

305 Separating Challah Again and Again

304 Preference for a Levi מ״מ

303 Sitting on Tombstones

302 How to Reach a Conclusion When Poskim Differ?

301 Order of Priority After Losing your Turn מ״מ

300 Mezuzah for Home Owned by Jew and Non Jew מ״מ

299 Havdalah for Women מ״מ

298 Oneness of Hashem מ״מ

297 How to Daven on an Airplane? מ״מ

296 At a Pidyon Haben ceremony (the redemption of a firstborn son), the baby�s father is asked, as per the text in the Siddur, whether he prefers מ״מ

295 Kissing Kids in Shul מ״מ

294 Yored: Paying for an Job I Never Asked For מ״מ

293 Unpleasant Muktzah in the Dining Room מ״מ

292 Definition of Shok: What needs to be Covered? מ״מ

291 Pizza without a Kashrus Seal מ״מ

290 Favors to Lender מ״מ

289 Bishul Akum with Sardines מ״מ

288 Kosher Switch or Shabbos App Are the Permissible? מ״מ

287 Eating before Kiddush

286 �Baked after Pesach�: Is it Relevant? מ״מ

285 Not Interrupting Between Mayim Acharonim and Benching מ״מ

284 Demonstrating Respect for Sefarim מ״מ

283 Eating the Edge of a Challah מ״מ

282 Must I let a Kohen go before me on the Line? מ״מ

281 Attitude to Tzedakah מ״מ

280 Anticipating the Coming of Moshiach מ״מ

279 Trying on A Suit not Checked for Shaatnez מ״מ

278 Parameters of Not Being a Nosheh (Harassing a Borrower) מ״מ

277 Berachah on New Trees

276 Shehecheyanu on Grafted Fruits מ״מ

275 Preparations for a Shabbos Seder

274 Safeguarding Chometz after the Bedikah

273 Fast of the Firstborn

272 Birthday Celebrations מ״מ

271 Kashering Braces or Dentures

270 Bedikas Chometz when Traveling for Pesach

269 Renting Property to Non-Jews

268 Qualifications for a Shochet

267 Collecting Tzedakah During Davening

266 Teacher who Lost Students Computer

265 Lashon Hara about Oneself מ״מ

264 Cellphones During Davening מ״מ

263 Electric Shabbos Candles מ״מ

262 Selling Olam Haba מ״מ

261 Standing During Chazoras Hashatz מ״מ

260 Are Torah MP3's Considered Learning Torah מ״מ

259 Talking Torah After Nail Cutting מ״מ

258 Mesirah Regarding Abuse מ״מ

257 Pi Tikrah - Roofs Extending Out מ״מ

256 When Negel Vasser Isn't Available מ״מ

255 Frivolous Contracts with Employees מ״מ

254 Removing Door that has a Mezuzah מ״מ

253 Marrying Two Wives מ״מ

252 Yibbum Vs. Chalitzah מ״מ

251 Lego on Shabbos מ״מ

250 Matnos Laevyonim מ״מ

249 Prenuptial Agreements מ״מ

248 Using Someones Tefillin מ״מ

247 Knock Before Entering מ״מ

246 Building a Mikvah מ״מ

245 Cursing מ״מ

244 Feeding Animals First מ״מ

243 Men Growing Long Hair מ״מ

242 Safeguarding the Kesubah מ״מ

241 Interest on a Credit Card מ״מ

240 How to Choose a Sofer? מ״מ

239 Covering the Chest מ״מ

238 Who Deserves Child Custody? מ״מ

237 Position During Tachanun מ״מ

236 A Will According to Torah מ״מ

235 How Much is a Kezayis? מ״מ

234 Torah in Bathroom or Bath House מ״מ

233 Snow on Shabbos מ״מ

232 Negiyah between Relatives מ״מ

231 Separating Challah at a �Challah Bake�� מ״מ

230 Who Qualifies as Mesader Kiddushin? מ״מ

229 Food Touched without Negel Vasser מ״מ

228 When & How Much to Sleep? מ״מ

227 Raffle on Shabbos מ״מ

226 Simchas Chasan V'Kallah מ״מ

225 Fruit Order of Preference מ״מ

224 Trusting a Mechalel Shabbos

223 Payment for Canceling Appointments

222 Behavior During Pregnancy

221 Who May Say Kaddish Yasom?

220 Reciting the Shira Daily

219 Extra Soda Can from the Machine

218 Shoveling Snow

217 Davening for Women

216 Shadchanus Gelt

215 Baby Wipes on Shabbos

214 Tznius: Long Loose Hair or Shaitlach מ״מ

213 Melachah on Rosh Chodesh

212 Issues with Non-Jewish Cleaning Help

211 Beriya: a Berachah Acharonah when Eating Less than a Kezayis

210 How to Choose a Mohel?

209 Lifnei Iver when Inviting Guests for Shabbos

208 Learning Halacha Before Anything Else

207 Talking in the Restroom

206 Pension for Senior Employees

205 Disposing of Shaimos which Were Not Used

204 Disposing of Separated Challah

203 Using a Child for Tevilas Keilim מ״מ

202 Coming Early to Shul

201 Proper Walking

200 Wedding Expenses from Maaser Money מ״מ

199 Shecheyanu on New Fruit

198 Gloves on Shabbos מ״מ

197 Blessing on Wine During a meal

196 Preparation for Prayer

195 Hesach Hadaas when Wearing Tefillin

194 Wine Touched by Non-Jews

193 Kiddush Levana Outdoors

192 Splurging on Wedding Expenses

191 Opening Cans on Shabbos

190 Carrying Tefillin Respectfully

189 Crackers: Hamotzie or Mezonos?

188 Elokai Neshama when Waking Up Twice

187 Mikvah at Private Home

186 Sitting near Someone Praying

185 When to light Menorah on Friday

184 Tzitzis when Sleeping

183 Time of Menorah Lighting

182 Where to Light the Menorah

181 Hesach Hadaas from Eating

180 Non Kosher Pills

179 Carrying a Child Holding Muktzah

178 Six Constant Mitzvos

177 Promising Gifts to a Child

176 Chazan Who Makes Mistakes

175 Preparing the Table for Benching

174 Blessing on Lighting and Thunder מ״מ

173 Early Maariv

172 Praying for Rain

171 Planting Memorial Trees

170 Language of Tombstones

169 Dimensions of Rooms for Mezuzah

168 Beverages Uncovered Overnight מ״מ

167 Medication on Shabbos

166 Timing of Blessing on Tallis

165 Changing to Alternative Medicine

164 Rewashing During a Meal

163 Kosher Conversions

162 Hallel with a Minyan

161 Clapping Hands on Shabbos

160 Dough with Non-Sweet Filling

159 Men Separating Challah

158 Soaking is like Cooking

157 When to Remove Tefillin?

156 Doubts in Davening

155 How to Comfort Mourners?

154 Raising a Hand to another

153 Rebuking One's Spouse

152 Bal Tashchis of Clothing

151 If One Errs and Puts on Rabbeinu Tam Tefilin Instead of Rashi�

150 Answering Omen Y'hei Shemai Rabbah

149 Tablecloth on Fire - Shabbos

148 Halachos of a Chupah

146 Work Given to a Kablan over Shabbos

145 Hair Covering for Women

144 Coffee or Tea for Havdalah

143 The Correct Attitude to Converts

142 Playing Monopoly

141 Correct Spelling of Names�

140 Spousal Obligations

139 Redeeming your Donkey

138 Cleaning Help on Shabbos

137 Washing Dishes on Shabbos

136 Gifts to the Kohen

135 May We Eat Sandwiches?

134 Images of Sun & Moon

133 Mezuzah When Moving

132 Ashuris Font

131 Extended Video: Chol Hamoed

130 Lulav for Children

129 Visiting Friends in their Sukkah

128 The First Night of Sukkos

127 Preparing Food for After Yom Kippur

125 Kashrus in the Holy Land - Shmitta

124 Protecting Our Thoughts

123 Hamelech Hakodosh

121 Eruv Tavshilin

120 Debt Cancellation & Pruzbul

119 Laws of Shofar

118 When Not to Forgive?

117 Ripping on Shabbos

116 Waking Up Parents

115 Men & Women Interaction at Work

114 Sanctity of Shemitta Produce

113 Adding Hot Water to a Cholent

112 Whistling / Blowing Out Candles מ״מ

111 Correct Beracha on Mixture of Foods II

110 Correct Beracha on Mixture of Foods I

109 Is It OK to Say Thank G-d? מ״מ

108 Washing for a Meal After Restroom

107 Kissing the Mezuzah

106 Who Gets Priority to Lead the Davening at Omud on a Yahrtzeit?

105 Delivering Not Good News

104 Shabbos: Tags on Clothing

103 Brochos�What to Have in Mind II�

102 Brochos�What to Have in Mind I�

101 Kiddush Wine Distribution

100 Sharing a Mezuzah with a Non-Jew�

99 Reading on Shabbos

98 A clean cup for Kiddush

97 Mid night Wake up

96 Return Policy (Follow Up to #68)

95 Baking Challah on Erev Shsbbos

92 Spilling Wine

91 Bar and Bas mitzvah

90 Times for Shacharis II

89 Times for Shacharis

88 Having a Dog at Home

87 Folding Tallis

85 Shma on time

81 Going to Court

80 A Kosher Mikvah

79 Price inquiries

78 Milk and Meat for Babies

77 Mishum Sakono

75 Gifts on Shabbos מ״מ

74 Bishul Goyim

73 How Foods Combine for Brochos

72 (70) The Mitzvah of Kiddush II

71 Kavonos when Saying Hashem�s Name

70 (69) Buying and Giving Presents during the Nine Days

69 (72) Bentching in the Home of a Gentile

68 68 Return Policy - Buying & Returning

67 Mezuza with a Brocho

66 Coffee shop - Does a coffee shop need a Hechsher?

65 Doing his job

62 Is Yoga Kosher?

61 Making Enough Brochos?

60 Pictures of Women

59 Pidyon Shvuim for a Thief

58 Is the Fruit Orla?

57 Burial of Placenta מ״מ

56 Tuition paid from Maaser money

55 Can a woman be home alone with a male worker?

54 Mezonos Part 2 מ״מNo text

53 Mezonos Part 1 No text

52 Bargaining No text

51 Say Bli Neder Before Doing No text

50 Combing Hair on Shabbos No text

49 Baking in a Fleishige Oven No text

48 Collecting Tzedakah vs. Working No text

47 Heads or Tails: Permissible? No text

46 Kidush 6-7 No text

45 Haircuts or Upsherin on Rosh Chodesh No text

44 Types of Mezonos No text

43 Brochos No text

42 Mechitza No text

41 Washing before eating No text

40 Tzedoko - How to Pledge Properly?

39 Tefilin No text

38 Taxi No text

37 Hamapil No text

36 Sick No text

35 Stain No text

34 Thoroughfare No text

33 Sharp food No text

32 Shehecheyanu No text

31 Health and Shabbos No text

30 Separate seating No text

29 Bais hachayim No text

28 Kovod for bread No text

27 Shavuos No text

26 Keeping what you found No text

25 Shloishes yemei hagbalah

23 Hashovas avaidah

22 Girls in men shull

21 fruit from Israel

20 Shabbos candles

19 Fish and Meat

16 Benching where you ate

12 Tvilas Keilim Myth

8 Can I check my Tzitzis on Shabbos?

7 Does Halacha let you speed?

6 Is a Sefer as a Shtender ok?

5 Can I pay tomorrow?

4 Must I wait six hours?

3 Should I call him Shver?

2 To whom must I give Tzedoko?

1 Can a Non-Jew do it on Shabbos?

Link to all Publications מראי מקומות

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Halacha #693: Is wearing a cap & gown Chukos Hagoyim?

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