Saying Shema in Front of a Woman’s Uncovered Hair
In addition to the basic principle of tznius (modesty), which is that both men and women must keep the private areas of their bodies covered at all times, even b’chadrei chadarim, when alone in private, because Hashem is always present, there are also particular parts of a woman’s body which are considered intimate and are therefore in the category of ervah, and must also be covered.
One example of the second category is sei’ar ba’isha ervah, a married woman’s hair is considered ervah, and when exposed, beyond being inherently problematic, also prohibits men from being able to say Shema, brachos, daven or learn Torah in its presence. This is true if even a single hair is exposed; the notion that a woman may allow up to a tefach of hair to be uncovered is groundless and comes from a misunderstanding of halachah. The only exception is that a husband may say Shema in the presence of his wife’s facial hair which grows beneath the area of her head covering, in front of her ears.
Therefore, if your Shabbos guests are not properly dressed, you should either face a different direction, hold up your siddur to block your view, or close your eyes—the last of these options being the least preferred. #492
ืืื ื ืฆื ืืขืืช ืืืื - ืืฉืืดืข ืืืดื ืกืดื. ืืืื ื ืืืกืื ืขืจืื - ืืฉืืดืข ืืืดื ืกืขืดื.
(ืืืืืชื ืืืขื ืืืืดืฆ ืืืื (ืืืื ืืดื ืกืืื ืชืฉืขืดื) ืืขืจื ื ืืื, ืฉืืฆืื ื ืขืื ืืืดื ืืฉืืดืข ืื ืืดื ืืื ื ืฆื ืืขืืช - ืจืื ืืืดื ืก"ื. ืก"ื ืืื"ื ืกืงื"ื. ืกืข"ื-ืกืข"ื. ืก"ืฆ ืกื"ื. ืกืฆ"ื. ืกืฆ"ื ืื"ื ืกืง"ื. ืกืจื"ื ืก"ื. ืกืจ"ื. ืกืฉ"ื. ืื"ื ืกืงืข"ื. ืกืงืค"ื. ืกืงืฆ"ื ืก"ื ืืก"ื. ืกืฉ"ื ืืฉ"ื ืกืงื"ื. ืื"ืข ืกื"ื. ืจืกื' ืคื. ืกืงื"ื. ืกืงื"ื ืก"ื ืืืืื. ืกืงืข"ื ืกื"ื. ืื"ื ืกืฉืฆ"ื ืก"ื. ืืขืื. ืืืืขืืจ ืืฉืืืช ื"ื ืืกืื ืชืฉื"ื ืข"ื ืืื ืฉืชืืื ื ืื ืืืงืฉืื ืฉืื ื ืืืจื ืืฉื"ืข ืืืืื ืืื ื ืฆื ืืขืืช, ืืืคืืืจืื ืืฉื"ืข ืืจืืืื ืืงืืืืช).
ืืื ื ืืืืืืืจ ืืคื ืื ืฉืืืืื ืฉืขืจื ืืกืืจ ืืคืืณ ืคืืืช ืืืคื - ืืืืช ืื ืืืณ ืืืจืืื ืืืืจืื ืืืดื, ืืืืจ ืืืืืจื ืืคืฉืืืช ืกืชืืืช ืืกืืืื, ืืืจืืฉืื ืื ืืืืืจืื ืื. ืืื ื, ืืืืืช ืืจืื ืืืชืคืจืฆืื ืืขื, ืื ืชืืื ืืืืื ืืืื, ืืืฉืดื ืืืืดื ืืฉืืดืช (ืืืดืข ืืดื ืกื ืดื ืืกืงืืดื. ืืืดื ืืดื ืกืงืืดื ืกืงืดื. ืืื ืจืื ืืฉืดื ืฉื ืกืืดื) ืืืจืืื ืืืืืจ ืืืฉื ืืช ืคืจืง ืื.
ืืื ื ืงืืฉืื ืงืื, ืฉืืืณ ืืืืดื ืื ื ืืฆื ืืฉืื ืืงืื ืืคืืกืงืื, ืืื ืืืดืข ืื ืืชื ืื ืืดื ืืกืืจื ืืืืืดืค (ืดื ืจืืืด, ืดืืกืชืืจืด). ืืื ืืคื ื ืฉืื ื ืืืืื ื ืขืฉื ืืขืฉื.
ืืื ืื ืืืื, ืืื ืฉืืืดื ืคืืกืงืื ืืืจืืื ืืืืืื ืืืกืืจ ืืืกืจ ืื ืืืฉืื. ืืืคืฉืืืช ืืืฉืื ืดืฉืขืจ (ืืณ ืืืื) ืืืฉื ืขืจืืืด. ืืื ืืืจืืขื ืืืืืื ืืืืจืื ืื - ืจืื ืืดื ืืืืืฉืืืฉ ืืืดื ืกืขืดื. ืฉืืื ืฉืืื ืฉื. ืฉืืดืช ืืชืดืก ืืืดื ืกืืดื. ืงืืฆืืจ ืฉืืดืข ืกืดื ืกืืดื. ืงืฆืืืดืฉ ืกืดื ืกืดื (ืืืขืจืืช ืืกืืืดืก). ืืฉื ืดื ืกืขืดื ืกืงืดื. ืฉืืดืช ืชืฉืืจืช ืฉื ืืดื ืกื ืดื. ืืืืืดืช ืกืืดื. ืืืื ืืืฉืจืื ืืดื ืกืงืืดื. ืื ืืืช ืืฉื ืกื ืดื. ืืจืื ืื ืฉืืดืช ืืืจ ืืฆืืื ืืดื ืคืดื ืกืืดื. ืืืงืฉ ืชืืจื ืืจืืืช ืกืืดื. ืืจืื ืืกืณ ืืืืื ืืช ืืื (ืคืดื ืืขืณ 8 ืืืขืณ 10) ืฉืืืื ืืืงืช ืืืจืื ืื ืฉืืกืืจ ืืืืืช ืฉืื ืฉืขืจ ืืืคืืื ืื ืฉืืื. ืืื ืขืช ืืืกืฃ ืคื.
[ืืื ืืืืดืข ืืขืืืื ืืืจืืื (ืืื ื ืฉื ืืืงืจื ืื) ืขื ืกืคืจ ืืจืืื ืกืืดื ืกืงืดื. ืืื ืฉืื ืืื ืืดื ืื ืืืืื ืคืกืืงื, ืืจืง ืืืจื ืฉืงืืดื. ืืจืื ืืฆืคืขืดื (ืืจืดื ืืืืฉืงืจ) ืืกืืช ื ืืืจ ืืชืืืืชื: ืืืจืืดื ืืคื ืฉืขืจ ืืืฉื ืขืจืื. ืืืคืืดื ืืดื ืืืดื ืืฆืดื ืืคื ืืฉืขืจ ืืืืืดื, ืฉืืจื ืืืืจื ืืืชื. ืืขืื ืืขืืงืจ ืฉืืืืฉื ืืขื ืื ืืืื ืืืืจื ืืืืจ ืดืฉืืื ืืกืืื ืืืืจืื ืืด, ืืืกืืจ ืืคืืื ืืฉืขืจ ืืื].
ืืื ืืืื ืืขืืงืจ ืืณ ืฉืืดืช ืืืจืดื ืืืฉืงืจ ืืืงืื, ืฉืื ืืชืืจ ืจืง ืืฉืขืจืืช ืืืืฆืืช ืืืฅ ืืฆืืชื (ืืื ืืื - ืจืื ืืงืื), ืืื ืขืื ืขื ืืขืชื ืืืชืืจ ืืคืืืช ืืืคื. ืืืืจืื - ืืฉืื ื ืืื, ืดืฉืขืจ ืืืฉื ืขืจืื ืื ืืืืจื ืืื ืืฉืขืจ ืฉืืจื ืืืฉื ืืืกืืชื ืืืืื ืืืคืืด, ืืืืณ ืืืืดื, ืขืืืคื ืืืืดื ืืฉืขืจ ืืืฉื ืขืจืื ืืืคื ืื ืืืืจื ืืื ืืืคื. ืืขืื, ืฉืืชืดืฉ ืฉื ืืืืืดื, ืฉืืืืืกืจืื ืืืฅ ืืฆืืชื ืืืชืกืจ ืื ืืืืืช ืขืื ืืณ, ืืฃ ืฉืืืืื ืืดื ืคืืืช ืืืคื. ืืืฉืดื ืืืขืช ืื ืืคืืกืงืื ืืืืืงืื ืขืืื - ืืืืืงืื - ืฉืคืืจืฉื ืืืจืืื ืืื ืืืืื.
ืืืืจ ืืงืฉื ืขื ืืืจื ืืืืดื ืืืดื, ืืืื ืฆืืืื, ืืืืช ื ืืจ ืืืจ ื ืืจ ืืืคืจืงืื ืืณ. ืืขืืงืจ ืืงืืฉืื, ืฉืืืืืืง ืืื ืืคื ืืคืืืช ืืืคื ื ืืฆื ืจืง ืืืื ืงืดืฉ, ืืืืขืช ืจืืืดืค - ืจืง ืืืฉืชื. ืืืื ืืืคื - ืื ืืืื ืฉืขืจ. ืืฉืชืืงืช ืื ืืคืืกืงืื ืื ืืืข ืืืืกืื ืฉืขืจ ืืืฉื, ืืืืื ืืื ืฉืืืขื ืืื ืืืืืจ ืื ืกืืืจื ืืื.
ืืื ืืืืจืื ืื ืืื, ืฉืืคืืืช ืืืคื ืฉืื ื - ืืื ื ืืื ืฉืืืชืจ ืืืืืช ืืืืคื ืคืืืช ืืืคื. ืืชื, ืืื ื ืืืจ ืฉืืืชืจืช ืืืืืช ืืืงืื ืืขืจืื ืืืฉ, ืืื ืืื ืคืืืช ืืืคื, ืืชืืื (ืืจืื ืฉืืดืช ืคื ืื ืืืืจืืช ืืดื ืกืขืดื). ืืืืืข ืืจืื ืื ืืืจืื ืืืืช ืื ืฉืื ืื ืืงืืช, ืื ืืืข ืืืกืื ืืืืื (ืจืื ืืืืดื ืืื ื ืกืดื. ืืฉื ืดื ืกืขืดื ืกืงืดื. ืืืดื ืื ืฉืดื ืกืดื. ืืืดื ืกืขืดื ืกืงืดื. ืืขืื. ืืืฉืดื ืืฉืืดืช ืืืืดื ืืืืืดืช ืืืดื ืกืืดื ืฉืืขืืจ ืืคื - ืืดื), ืืืื ืืืดื ืืฉืืขืืจ ืืคื (ืจืื ืืชืืืืช ืขื, ื. ืืืคืืจืฉืดื ืฉื. ืืจืื ืืืงืดืก ืืฉืื ืืชืืืืช ืฉื. ืืขืืืดืข ืืืืฆืืดืค ืกืืดื ืกืดื). ืืืจื ืืื ืื ืงืจื ืฉืฉืขืจ ืืื ื ืืขืจืื, ืืืดื ืืดื ืืืงืื ืขืจืื ืืืฉ.
[ืืจืื ืืฉืดื ืืืดื ืืฆืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืืืืช ืืืช ืฉืื ืืืจืืื ืืืืจ ืฉืขืจ ืืืฉื ืืื ืฆืจืื ืืืืจืช ืคื ืื. ืืืดื, ืืื ืฉืื ืืืืณ, ืืฃ ืื ื ืืืจ ืฉืืืจ ืฉืขืจ ืฉืื ื ืืฉืืจ ืขืจืื, ืฉืขื ืื ื ืจืง ืฉืืืื ืืืื ืืจืืืจ - ืืดื, ืฉืื ื ืืื ืฉืขืจ ืืืคื ืืืืื, ืืืคื ืืืืื ืืื ื ืืืืคืืชื ืืงืจื, ืืดื ืฉืื ืงืืืื ืฉืื ืืืฃ ืืืฉื ืขืจืื, ืืืืืื ืฉืืขืืจื ืืืคื, ืืื ืืื ืืดื ืจืง ืืงืดืฉ, ืืขืืดื ืื ืืื ืคืฉืื ืฉืืกืืจื ืืืืืช ืฉืื ืืืง ืืืืคื. ืืื ืืฉืขืจ ืืืื ืืืื ืื ืงืจื ืืืื ืขืจืื - ืืืืืฉืื ืงืจื ืฉืดื ืชืืื ืืื, ืืคืฉืื ืฉืืฉืื ืืื ืขื ืืืืดื ืืฉืขืจืืชืืณ, ืืขืื ืืืืคืื ื ืื ืืกืืื ืฉืืฆืื ืืืืกืื ืืจืืฉ - ืืดื ืืืงืื ืืขืจืื ืืืฉ, ืืืื ืืื ื ืคืงืืชื ืื ืืื ืืคื ืื ืื. ืืื ืืฉืื ืืจืืืจ ืืชืื ื ืขืื, ืืื ืืฆืื ื ืฉืืฉ ืชืืื ืืืจืืืจ ืจืง ืืืคื. (ืืจืื ืืืดื ืืืื ืืคื ืืืฉื, ืฉืฉืืขืืจ ืืคื ืืื ืืคื ืฉืืงืื ืชืืจืคื ืืื ื ืคืืืช ืืืคื. ืืจืื ืื ื ืฆืืื ืืืืืืื ืกืขืดื ืกืงืดื. ืืื ืจืื ืืืืฉื ืฉื ืชืืจื ืกืืดื ืกืงืดื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืชืจ ืืืคืื ืฉืืื ืืฉืื ืืจืืืจ). ืืืชืดื ืืืชืืจ ืืคื ื ืฉืืื ื ืจืืืื ืืืกืืช, ืืืื ื ืืืื ืืืื ืืจืืืจ, ืืขืดื ืฉืขืจืืช ืืืฅ ืืฆืืชื ืืืกืืืจืื ืื (ืืืืืงืื) - ืืดื ืกืื ืืืื ืฉืืขืืจ ืืคื].
ืืขืื ืงืฉื ืืืื, ืฉืืืืจืื ืืืืข ื ืืืงื ืืืืณ (ืืชืืืืช ืขื, ืกืขืดื) ืืืืฉื ืืคืจืืขืช ืจืืฉ ืืืืืจื ืืงืืชื ืืืืฆืืจื, ืืืืดื ืืืืจืืืชื ืืื - ืขืืืคื ืืืืดื ืืืืณ ืืืืืจื ืืืืื ืคืืืช ืืืคื, ืืืดื ืขืืืจืช ืขื ืืช ืืืืืืช. ืืืืดื ืืืืฉื ื ืืืชื ืืณ ืคืจืืขืช ืจืืฉ ืงืฉืืชืืณ ืืืืืณ, ืืืฉืืข ืฉืืืื ืืืืื - ืฉืืจื ืื ืืืืืงืืืชื ืืืืืจื ืืงืืชื, ืขืืฆืดื ืฉืจืื ืืฉืขืจืืช ืืืืกืื.
ืืืชืดื ืฉืงืืชื ืืคืืืช ืืืคื ืืืื ื ืื - ืืจื ืืขืืงืจ ืืกืจ ืื ืืกืคืจ, ืืืืืดื ืืืืณ ืืกืื ืืืืจ ืืขื ืื ืืืืืจื ืืคืืืช ืืืคื, ืืืื ืืื ืืืืงืื ืืชื ืืณ ืืงืืชื ืืืงื.
ืืขืื ืื ืฉืืืฉืืณ, ืฉืื ืืืืื ืืณ - ืกืืดืก ืืกืืจ ืืฉืื ืืช ืืืืืืช, ืฉื ืืื ืื ืฉืื ืืื ืืงืืืืช ืืืฉืืืชืืื ืืืกืืช ืฉืขืจืืชืืื ืืืืจื. ืืืคืืจืฉ ืืคืืณ ืจืืื ื ืืืื ืชื ืืชืืืืช ืฉื ืฉืืงืืชื ืืืฆื ืงืฆืช ืฉืขืจื ืืืืืฅ ืืชืืช ืืืืคื (ืืื ืืืณ ืฉืืจ ืืจืืฉืื ืื ืฉืืื ื ืงืื ืืกื, ืฉืืื ืืดื ืืืืืง ืืื ืืืื ืฉืงืืชื ืืืคื ืืื ืืช ืจืง ืขื ืจืื ืืฉืขืจืืช ืืืฅ ืืืคื), ืืืืื ืฉืืืืกื ืจืืื ืืืืื ืฉื ืฉืขืจืืชืืณ, ืืฉืื ืืช ืืืืืืช ืื ืกืื, ืืฆืจืืื ืืืกืืช ืืืื.
ืืขื ืืจืืขื ืืฉืืื ื, ืฉืคืฉืืืช ืืณ ืืจืืฉืื ืื ืืกืืืืื (ืืจืืืช ืื, ื), ืืื ืฉืฉืขืจ ืืื ืืื ืืคืดืข, ืืืกืืจ ืื ืืคืืืช ืืืคื. ืืืดื ืืจืืงื ืืืณ ืชืคืื ืกืฉืืดื: ืืฉืขืจ ืืื ืืฉืชื ืืื ืืฉื ืืืจืช ืื ืฉืืงื ืื ืืคื ืืืฉืจื ืื ืืจืืขืืชืืณ ืืืืืืช ืืกืืจ. ืืืื ืฉืฉืื ื ืกืืจ ืืืืจืื ืืืืณ, ืืืื ืฉืฉืขืจ ืืฉืืง ืืกืืจืื ืื ืืคืืืช ืืืคื. ืืจืื ืื ืืณ ืืจืืืืดื (ืืจืืืช ืื, ื) ืกืขืดื. ืคืกืงื ืจืืืดื ืืจืืืช ืคืดื ืืดื. ืืขืื.
ืืืืืฉืืชื ืืืกืฃ ืขืืื, ืฉืื ืืชืดื ืืืืจืื ืฉืืืดื ืืฉืื ืืช ืืฉื ืืืคืืื ืื ืืฉืื ืืช ืืืืืืช - ืกืืดืก ืืืจ ืงืืืื ืื ืดื ืขืืืื ืืืืื ืคืกืืงื ืืณ ืืืืจ, ืฉืืกืืจ ืืืืืช ืืคืืื ืฉืขืจื ืืืช, ืืืืดืฉ ืืฉืืดืช ืืชืดืก ืืืดื ืกืืดื. ืืืืืช ืืฉืื ืืืืจ - ืดืื ืืืืื ืฉืขืจื ืื ืืจืืฉื ืืฉืดื ืืืจืด - ืขืฆืื ืืืจื ืฉืื ืืขืืงืจ ืืืืืืจ ืืฉืืื ืืืืชื, ืืื ืืฉืืง ืืกืืจ ืืืื ื.
ืืื ืืคืืฉืดื ืืฉืืดืช ืืืจืดื ืืืฉืงืจ ืฉืืณ ืืืืจ ืืคืฉืจ ืืืฉืชืขื ืจืง ืืฉืขืจ ืฉืืจืื ืืืกืืชื - ืืดื ืืฉืขืจ ืื ืืืคื (ืฉืืชืืช ืืฆืืชื) ืืืื ืฉืืกืืจ ืื ืืฉืขืจื ืืืช, ืืฃ ืฉืืดื ืคืืืช ืืฉืืขืืจ ืืคื.
ืืืืขืืจ ืืืดื (ืืืดื ืกืฉืดื ืืดื ืืืดืฉ ืืื ืืืชืืจ ืืืืืดื ืฉื) ืฉืืชื ืืื ืฉืืื ื ืงืืืขืช ืฉืขืจืืชืืณ ืืฉืืช, ืืืดืฉ ืืืืจ ืฉืื ืชืชืื ื ืขื ืืขืื, ืฉืืจื ืืฉืขืจ ืืืืกื ืืื, ืืืื ืฉืื ืืชืื ื ืืืื (ืืจืื ืื ืฉืืชืื ื ืืื ืืืดื ืืฆืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืืืืช ืืืช ืชืื) - ืืืืื ืืืณ ืืืืดื ืืืชื ื ืชืืจ ืื ืืงืืืข ืืฉืขืจืืช ืืฉืืขืืจ ืคืืืช ืืืคื ืฉืื ืชืชืื ื. ืืืืื ืจืืืณ, ืืชืจ ืขื ืื, ืฉืื ืืืืชื ืืืกื ืฉืขืจืืชืืณ ืืืืจื.
ืืืืื, ืืขืืงืจ ืืขื ืื, ืชืืืืช ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืกืืชืจืช, ืื ื ืขืฉื ืืืืืชืื ื ืืืื ืฉืืืืืจ ืืื, ืืืจื ืื ืื ืืจืื ืฉื ืชืืจื ืืืืจ ืฉื ืชืคืฉื ืืชืคืืฆืืช ืืฉืจืื ืืืืจื ืืืจืืช ืืืืกืืจ, ืืืขื ืื ืืืืจืืืชื, ืืกืืื ืืืงื ืืื ืจืืืณ ืืจืืจื, ืืขื ืืขืช ืืืื, ืืฉืืชื ืจืง ืืกืืจื.
ืืื ื ืื, ืืชืงืื ื ืกืืืืชื ืืืืืื ืืชื, ืืืืืื ืืื ืชืจื, ืฉืืขืื ืืจื ืืจืขื ืืืืื (ืืืืชืืื ืฉื ืืคืกื ืืืืืฉื ืฉื ืชืืจื ืืดื ืกืืดื ืกืงืืดื) ืฉืืขืืื ืื ืขืื ืขื ืืขืช ืืืื ืืืจืืดืค ืืดื ืืืชืืจ ืืืืืช ืืดื ืคืืืช ืืืคื, ืืืืจืื ื ืืชืื ืจืง ืืฆืืจื ืืืจืืช ืฉืขื ืืืฆื ืืืืื. (ืืฆืดื ืงืฆืช ืืืฉืื ื ืืืื ืดื. ืืืืขืืจ ืืชืฉืืืช ืืจืดืฉ ืื ืื, ืืฉืืดืช ื ืืืดื ืืืืืดืช ืืืดื ืกืืดื, ืืืื ืืฆื ืืืืืืดืจ ืืฆืดื ืืฉืขืจืื ืืฆืืืื ืื ืืืืื ืกืงืคืดื ืืงืืดื ืกืงืืดื. ืืขืืืดืฉ ืืกืืณ ื ืฉืื ืืืฉืจ ืืชืดื ืืื ื ื ืืื. ืืื ืจืื ืืืืงืืื ืืขืจืืช ืฉื ืืืืืืช ืืจืื ืืขื. ืืืฉ ืืืืง ืฉืืื ื ืืชื ืืืชืื ืืืืจืื. ืืืืขืืจ ืื ืืฉืืดืช ืืืดื ืืืดื ืืดื ืกืดื ืืดื ืืื ืืงืืดื. ืืจืื ืืขื ื ืืืื - ืืฉืืื ืื ืื ืืดื ืกืืดื (ืขืณ ืกื)).
ืืื ืจืื ืจืืื ื ืืืงืดื (ืืชืฉืืื ืืืืืจืช ืืืชืจ - ืืืดื ืืดื ืกืืดื ืกืืดื ืืื ืืขืดื) ืฉืืืดืข ืืชื ืืกืชืืืช ืื ืืคืืกืงืื, ืฉืืื ืคืืืช ืืืคื ืืฉืขืจ ืืื ืืฉืืจ ืื ืืืืฃ. ืืืืื ืืงืืืืดื - ืืจื ืืืฉื ืืืจืช ืืกืืจ ืื ืืคืืืช ืืืคื. ืืื ืฉืืคื ืืืืช ืืืจ ื ืชืดื ืฉืกืชืืืช ืืคืืกืงืื ืฉืฉืขืจื ืืืืจ ืืคื ืืืืืดืข ืืกืืจ ืืคืืืช ืืืคื.
ืืขืื ืืืจืืื ืืืดื ืืืดื - ืจืื ืืฉืืดืช ืืืืจืืช ื ืชื ืืดื ืืชืืืืชื (ืืงืื ืืจืก ืืืขื ืืฆืืชื). ืืืืฉื ืฉื ืชืืจื ืกืืดื. ืืืืื ืืช ืืื ืฉื, ืืืืืืืืื ืืืฉืืืืช ืืฉื. ืืช ืฆื ืืขืื ืืืื ืืดื ืืดื (ืขืณ ืคื ืืืืื). ืืงืื ื ืืฉื.
ืืืขืช ืืืื ืฉืขืจื ืฉืืืืฅ ืืฆืืชื - ืื ื ืืืจืืื ืืื ืืคืืกืงืื. ืืขืืงืจื ืืืืจืื ืืืืกืกืื ืขื ืืฉืดื ืืฉืืดืช ืืืจืดื ืืืฉืงืจ ืื ืดื ืืื ืื ืงืฆืช ืืงืืืืช. ืืืืดื ืืืืดื ืกืงืดื ืืคืกืง ืฉืื ืืืืชืืณ (ืฉืืชื ืดืืื ืืืืจ ืืืืณ ืืื ืจืืื ืื ืืืืด. ืืืืืข ืืืืื ืืคืืกืงืื, ืฉืืณ ืดืืืืด ืืืจื ืฉืื ืขืืงืจ. ืืจืื ืืฉืืดืข ืืืืดื ืกืชืฆืดื ืืงืืดื ืกืงืดื. ืืจืื ืืฉืืดื ืืืื ืืคืืกืงืื ืกืืดื ืกืงืดื ืฉืื ืืจื ืื ืืคืืกืงืื. ืืจืื ืืืื ืืคืืกืงืื ืืืืืจืื ืกืงืืดื ืืืืื). ืืืืืจืื ืื ืืงืฉื ืืืื ืขื ืืืจื ืืืจืดื ืืืฉืงืจ (ืจืื ืฉืืดืช ืืชืดืก ืื ืดื. ืฉืืดืช ืืฆืดืฆ ืื ืดื. ืฉื ืฉืขืืดื ืกืืดื. ืืืณ ืืฆืดืฆ ืขืืฉืดืก ืืจืืืช ืคืดื ืกืดื). ืืจืื ืื ืืื ืกืื ืืืืฆืืดืค ืืืดืข ืกืืดื ืกืงืดื.
ืืขืื ืืขืืงืจ, ืฉืืืจ ืืชืื ืืืดื ืืืืืื ืฉืืืจืดื ืืืฉืงืจ ืื ื ืชืืืื ืืืชืืจ ืืื ืืืฉืชื ืืืชืื ืืืชื, ืืืืืืื ืืืืฉื ืืืจืื (ืืืื ืืดื - ืฉืืืดื ืืืจืดื ืืืฉืงืจ - ืื ืืขืชืืง ืืืจืื ืืฉืืืืืชื. ืืืืืข ืฉืืืืดื ืืขืชืืง ืืืฉืดื ืืื ืืดื - ืจืื ืฉืืดืข ืืืืดื ืืงืืดื ืืกืจืืดื ืกืงืดื. ืืจืื ืืื ืกืื ืืืืื ืืคืืกืงืื ืืืืืจืื ืืื ืฉืื). ืืืื ืืืคื - ืจืง ืืืงืื ืฉื ืืื ืื. (ืืจืื ืฉืืดืช ืืืจืดืฅ ืืืืช ืกื ืดื ืฉืืืจืดื ืืืฉืงืจ ืืคืจืื ืขื ืืืื, ืืื ืืงื ืจืง ืืคื ื ืฉืืืจืฅ ืืฉืืขืื ืืื ื ืืืืื ืืืชืจ). ืืจืื ืืงืื ืืณ ืืืขื ืืฆืืชื ืื ืดื. ืืืืื ืืช ืืื ืฉื ืืขืณ 9 ืืืืื.
ืืืฉืดื ืืคื ืื ืื ืืืข ืืงืืืืฉ - ืจืื ืืฉืดื ืืืดื ืืฆืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืืืช ืืืช ืฉืื ืืคืจืืืืช.