I Said the Wrong Brachah Acharonah (After Blessing); Should I Bench Again?
The brachah acharonah of borei nefashos does not exempt one from the obligation of saying the brachah acharonah of me’ein shalosh (al hamichya, al ha’eitz, or al hagafen). If a person said borei nefashos by mistake, they nevertheless have to say the brachah me’ein shalosh. The reverse is also true: me’ein shalosh does not exempt one from the obligation of saying borei nefashos; and if one was supposed to say borei nefashos, but said al haeitz, al hamichyah, or al hagefen instead, they still have to say borei nefashos. (There is an exception to this rule when saying al haeitz on fruit which deserve borei nefashos.)
If a person said al hamichyah instead of bentching (saying the full Grace After Meals), there is a machlokes (difference of opinion) among poskim regarding what should be done. The consensus is that one is not yotzei (has not met his obligation) if they said al hamichyah. One of the reasons is because they omitted two central themes in the second brachah of benching, which are bris (circumcision)—brischa shechasamta (Your covenant which You have sealed in our flesh) and Torah—Torasecha shelimadetanu (Your Torah that You have taught us). The second brachah expresses our appreciation for receiving Eretz Yisrael which we have earned through observing the mitzvos of bris milah and Torah. As mentioned, the accepted practice is to bench again, since the general mitzvah of bentching is min haTorah, and when it comes to a de’Oraysa (Biblical commandment) we are stringent. According to many opinions, women should not bench again.
If a person bentched instead of saying me’ein shalosh after having partaken of dates, wine, or mezonos, they have fulfilled their obligation bedieved (after the fact). The reason is because these three foods satiate, and the first brachah in benching, Hazan es haolam (The One Who sustains the world) is considered bedieved an appropriate brachah. However, if one ate other food that required the brachah me’ein shalosh to be said, they are not yotzei with bentching, and have to say the brachah me’ein shalosh. #438
ืืขื ืื ืืขืืดื ืืคืืืจ ืื ืดืจ - ืจืื ืฉืืดืข ืืืดื ืกืจืดื ืกืืดื. ืกืืจืืดื ืืืืืดื ืคืดื ืืืดื. (ืืืืืื, ืืืืช ืคืจื ืืขืฅ - ืขืืืดืฉ ืืืดื. ืืขืคืดื - ืืงืฆืืืดืฉ ืกืืณ ืก ืกืดื).
ืืื ื ืืืื ืืจืืดื ืคืดื ืืืดื ืืืื ืืขืช ืืดื ืฉืชืืจืื ืืืื ื ืคืืจืื ืืืจืืช ืขื ืืืืืณ. ืืฆืดืข ืืืขื ืฉืืืฉืื ืืกืืจืืดื (ืืฉืืดื ืื ืืืข ืืคืืืจื ืืืืขืื ืืืจืืช ืืื ืฉืืืจืืืดื - ืฉื ืืืดื. ืืืื ืืขืช ืืืดื ืืืืง ืืืดื - ืจืื ืืดื ืกืจืดื ืกืงืืดื ืืืคืืดื ืืืดื).
[ืืืืื ืืืฉืงืืดื ืืืื ืืืืจืื ืฉืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืฉืืื ืืกืืจืืดื , ืฉืืื ืืืคื ืื ืืื: ืฉืืืจ ืื ืืกืืจืืดื , ืื ืฉืืฉืืืื ืืคื ืฉืืื ื ืืฆืื, ืืืคืขืืื - ืืืจืื ืื ืืกื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืคื ืฉืืื ืืืื. ืืืฉ ืฉืืืดืค ืืืืฉื ืืืื ืดื, ืืื ื ืชืณ ืืขื ืืืืฉืืื. (ืจืื ืืืื ืืืืืืืช ืฉืืืืื ืืชืืจืช ืื ืื ืืกืืจืืดื ืขืคืดื ืงืฆืืืดืฉ ืืืืืดืฉ ืืืดื). ืืืื ืฉืื ืืขืจืื ื ืงืณ ืืงืืืข ืืื ืืกืืจืืช. ืืฆืขืดื ืืืืืื ืืืืขืืื ืืื.
ืืขืืดื ืฆืดื ืืืืฉืืืืช ืฉืืกืืืืจ ืืืืดื ืืืืจืื ืฉืืืืื ืืฉืืดืข ืืืฉืืจ ืคืืกืงืื, ืฉืื ืืื ืืื ืืืคื ืื ืขืดื ืื ืดื, ืฉืืืจ ืื ืืกืืืืจื, ืื ืฉืื ืืืืื ืืคื ื ืฉืืื ื ืืฆืื, ืื ืฉืืื ืืงืืื ืืกืืืืจ ืืืื ืืขืืื.
ืืืคืจืืืืช: ืจืื ืืืฉืดืค ืขื ืืงืืดื ืืื ืืืื ืฆืคืื ืืดื ืืืืืจ ืฉืื ืืฉืชื (ืืงืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืืฉืืดืข ืืื ืืกืืืืจ). ืฉื ืงืืืืฉ ืืดื ืงืืฉ (ืืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืื ืืขืชืืงื ืืกืืืืจื). ืืืดืง ืืืดื ืขืณ ืงื ื (ืืชืดื ืฉืืืืืง ืฉืืกืืืืจ ื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืฉืืืขืชืง ืืืณ ืืฉืืดืข ืืื ื ืืืช ืืกืืณ ืืืขืชืืง ืคืจืื ืืื ืื). ืงืฆืืืดืฉ ืกืืณ ืก ืืืืืดืฉ ืกืงืดื (ืืกืืืืจ ืืืืืดืจ ืืื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืืฉืืข ืืกืดื ืืืืณ). ืืืดืง ืฉื ืขืณ ืชืื (ืฆืขืดื ืื ืืืชื ืืืกืื ืืฉืดื ืืืื ืืฉืืื ืืืืณ). ืฉื ืืืดื ืขืณ ืฉืื (ืื ืืืืืจื ืื ืจืื ืืคื ื ืฉืืื ื ืืฆืืืณ ืืดื ืืืืชื ืืืืื ืืช). ืืืดื ืขืณ ืจืกื (ืื ืืืืื ืืืืดื ืืกืืณ ืืกืืจ ืืจืืดื - ืืื ืืื ืืคื ื ืงืืฉืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืคืืจืฉ ืืฉืืดืข ืืืืดื. ืืจืื ืืขื ืื ืื ืืจืฉืืืช ืืืืื ืชืฉืืดื ืืื ืื ืฉืื ืื). ืฉืืืช ืืืฉืดืค ืชืฉืืดื (ืืื ืฉืื ืืืื ืืืืดื ืืจืืช ืืืื ืืกืืืืจื). ืืจืื ืืงืืืช ืฉืขืืดื (ืืืื ืืืืืขืื ืืืืจ ืฉืื ืื ืฉืื ืืืื ืืกืืืืจ ืืื ืืืืจื). ืืืดืง ืืดืง ืืืืืดืจ ืืืืจืฉืดื ื ืดืข ืืดื ืขืณ ืื (ืืืขื ื ืืื ืดื - ืืืชื ืืคืืืื ืื ืฉืื ืืืื ืืืกืืืืจ ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืจื). ืกืืดืฉ ืชืฉืืดื ืืดื ืขืณ 379 ืืขืณ 85 (ืฉืืฉ ืขืื ืขื ืื ืื ืฉืื ืืืื ืืกืืืืจื, ืืฃ ืฉื ืืืืื ืื). ืืืืขืืจ ืื ืืฉืขืืดื ืคืืดื ืกืงืดื (ืืฉืืดืข ืืืืืดืจ ืืชืื ืฉื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืื ืืืืจ ืืฉืืช ืืืืื ืืื ืื ืขืืืื ืืืื ื ืืื ืืกืืืืจ ืืฉืืื ืื ืืืืณ ืฉืื ืืืืจื). ืืืฉืดืค ืฉืืช ืืืืื ืืดื ืืฉืืช ืืืืื (ืืื ื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืดืฉ ืืฉืขืจ ืืืืื)].
ืืขืื ืืืขืืจ ืฉืืกืืจืืดื ื ืงื ืืืืื ืืืฉืจ ืืืืื. ืืืืื ืกืดื ืฉืชืืจืื ืืืื ืฉืื ื, ืืจื ืขืืืคื ืืื ื ืืืืดื.
ืืื ื ืืฉ ืฉืืชืื ืฉืื ืืืดื ืฉืคืืืจ, ืืืื ื ืจืง ืืืื ืืงืื ืืืจืื ืืืื, ืืฉืืดื ืืฉืืื ืืื ื ืืืื ืืช ืฉืืืจืื ืืื ืขืืืื - ืจืื ืฉืืดืช ืืจ ืฆืื ืืดื ืกืงืดื. ืื ืืช ืฉืืื ืืดื ืกืฆืดื ืกืงืดื.
ืืืื ื ืืืณ ืืืืดื ืฉื ืืืดื ืฉืืณ ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืกื ืืืฉืจ ืืืืื, ืืืื ืฉืื ืืฉืืืื ืืื ืืืจ (ืืืืกื), ืฉืืฉ ืืืจืื ืืงืื ืืืื, ืงืกืดื ืืืืจ ืฉืขื ืืืืืณ ืคืืืจ. ืืขืืดื ืืฆืื ื (ืฉื ืืืดื) ืืืืื ืขื ืืื ืืฉืชื ืืื ืฉื ืคืืจื ืืืจืืช ืขืืดื, ืืื ื ืชืืืื ืืคืืืจื (ืฉื ืืืดื). ืืขืืืื ืืดื ืฉืืชืืืื ืืื ืฉืื ื. ืืืดื ืืื ืืดืฉ ืฉื. ืืืืจ ืืขืืจื ืืืขืช ืืืืดื ืฉืื ืืชื ื ืืืจืืช ืืื ืขื ืชืืจืื ืืืื ืฉืฆืดื ืืชืืืื ืืื. ืืืืดื ืขืื.
ืื ืืืข ืืืคืื, ืืืจืืช ืื ืดืจ ืืคืืืจ ืืขืืดื - ืฉืงืืดื ืืื ืืืดื. ืืืืืจืื ื ืืคื ืื, ืืดืค ืืกืืจืืดื ืฉื ืืืดื. ืืืืจืื ื ืงืฆืช ืืื (ืืืขืช ืืืืืงืื ืืกืืจืชื) ืืืดื ืืฆืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืืืืช ืืืช ืชืื. ืืฉื ืงื ื ืืงืืื.
ืืื ืืืข ืืืจืืืดื ืืืงืื ืขื ืืืืืณ - ืกืืจืืดื ืฉื ืืืดื (ืืืืืื ืืคื ื ืืกืขืืื ืืื ืืืจื ืืืจืืื). ืืจืื ืื ืืืื ืืจืืืดื ืฉื (ืืฉืืขื ืืืืจื ืืจืืืดื). ืืจืื ืืชืืจืช ืื ืื ืืกืืจืืดื (ืืงืฆืืืดืฉ ืกืืณ ืก ืืืืืดืฉ ืกืงืดื. ืืืืืืืืจ ืฉื ืืืืดืข ืืฉืืืช ืืดื ืืืช ืชืฉืืดื).
[ืืืืขืืจ ืืืืืง ืืืณ ืืกืืจืืดื : ืดืืณ ืืื ื ืืืืด (ืืฉืืดื ืืืื - ืดืืื ื ืืืื ืืชืด), ืืืืืืณ ื ืคืงืดื ืืืื, ืื ืืืข ืืืจืืช ืืจื ืืื, ืจืื ืื ืฉืืชืื ื ืืืดื ืืฆืืื ืื ืืืืื ืื ืดื.
ืืื ืืืืช ืืืดืค ืืืืดื, ืืืืงืื ืฉืืฉืืดืข (ืกืจืดื ืกืืดื) ืคืกืง ืืืืืจ ืฉืืื ืืจืืืดื ืคืืืจ ืืืืกื. ืืืจืื ืคืืกืงืื ืืืืงืื ืขืืื (ืจืื ืืืืดื. ืคืจืดื. ืืืืืช ืจืขืงืดื. ืืขืื). ืื ืจืืื ืืืืจืื ืฉืืืื ืืืจืืข ืฉืจืง ืืืื ื ืืืื ืืช ืืจืืืดื ืคืืืจืชื (ืืฃ ืฉืื ืืื ืืณ ืื ืืฉื ืดืืดืืด), ืืฉืืดื ืืืืืกื. ืืืืขื, ืฉืืืืืกื ืืืช ืื ืขืืืืื ืืืจืื ื ืืคืช (ืจืื ืืืดื ืฉื ืกืงืืดื), ืืื ืืืื ื ืืืื ืืช, ืืืื ื ืขืืกื ืืืืจื, ืืื ืฉืืืจืืื ืขืืืณ ืืืดื, ืฉืฉื ืคืช ืขืืื ืืงืืข ืกืขืืืชื ืขืืื, ืฉืคืืจ ืืืฆื ืืืจืืืดื (ืจืื ืืืืืช ืจืขืงืดื). ืืื ืืกืืจืืดื ืืืจ ืื ืืื ืืกืดื ืฉืืื ืืื ื ืืื, ืืืื ื ืื ืืืืกื, ืืืฆื ืืืดื ืืืจืืืดื].
ืืืขืช ืืืฉืงืืดื ืืืจืืช ืขื ืืืืืณ ืืืงืื ืืจืืืดื, ืฉื ืืดื ืืื ืืืดื. ืืื ื, ืืืืืจืขื ืืคื ืื ื ืงืื ืืืดื ืืืจืื ืื - ืจืื ืืืืืดื ืืื ืื ืื ืฉืืดื ืกืงืดื. ืืืดื ืืขืืงืจื ืืืดื ืกืดื ืกืงืืดื. ืฉืืดืช ืชืฉืืจืช ืฉื ืืืืืดืง ืกืชืงืขืดื - ืืืดื ืืืืดืง ืืดื ืขืณ ืื. ืืืดื ืื ืืกืคืจื ืขืจื ืฉืดื ืืืดื ืกืงืคืดื. ืืืดื ืืฉืืดืช ืืืจืฉืดื ืืดื ืกืืดื. ืืืืจ ืงืืืื ืืฉืืดืช ืงืื ืืืืื ืืดื ืกืืดื. ืืืืืจ ืจืื ื ืืืคืืื - ืฉื ืกืืดื. ืืืดื ืืืคืฅ ืืณ (ืืืขื ืืืืดื) ืืจืืืช ืื, ื. ืืจืื ืื ืืฉืืดืช ืืจืืืดื ืืดื ืกืชืืดื (ืชืชืขื). ืืืื ืืืจ ืืืจืืื ืืืื.
ืืืืืช ืืืืจืื ืืืืกืืื ืืืืืกืกืื ืืืณ ืืืืื ืืคืืกืงืื, ืฉืืืื ืืืืจืืื ืืืืื ืฉืืืดืค ืืคืืืจ ืืจืืืืดื ืขืดื ืืจืืช ืืขืืดื - ืจืื ืืจืืฉื ืกืงืกืดื ืืคืืณ ืืณ ืืืดื ืฉื. ืืืืดื ืื ืืืดืจ ืฉื ืกืงืืดื. ืืืดื ืืืณ ืืืดื ืฉื ืืดื ืขืื ืืชื ืืดื - ืืืดื ืื ืืืืดื ืฉื ืกืงืืดื ืืืืดื ืกืงืดื. ืืืดื ืืืดืจ ืกืจืกืดื ืกืงืืดื. ืืืดืค ืืืืื ืืืฉื ืดื ืกืงืกืดื ืืฉืขืืดืฆ ืกืดืง ืงืขื.
ืืื ืฉื ืคื ืืืจ ืืืจืฅ, ืฉืืื ืืืืจืื ื ืืื ืื ื ืืชืื ืืืืืื ืืืณ ืืจืืฉืื ืื ืืืืืืื ืฉืืืืขืื ืืืฆื ืืืดื.
ืืืืืช ืื ืืขืื ืืื ืคืืืื ื ืืกืคืง ืคืืืืชื, ืืกืืดื (ืจืื ืืื ืกืื ืืคืกืงื ืชืฉืืืืช ืกืงืคืดื ืกืงืดื). ืืืืจืืื ืืืขื ืืชื ืืืืืง ืื ืื ืืืณ ืืื ืืืคืืกืงืื.
ืืืคืขื ืดื, ืืืื ืืงืื ืืกืคืืงื, ืืื ืืฆื ืืืดื. ืืืืงืื ืฉื ืืืงื ืืคืืกืงืื ืื ืื ืื ืืืจืืืช ืืื ืืืดืช. [ืืืืขืช ืืืืดื - ืจืื ืืฉืืดืข ืกืงืกืดื ืกืดื. ืฉื ืืงืืดื ืกืงืดื. ืฉื ืกืืดื ืืืืื ืฉืขืืดื ืฉื. ืกืงืคืดื ืกืดื ืืืืื. ืกืงืฆืดื ืกืดื ืืืืื ืฉื. ืืื ืืจืืดื ืคืดื ืืดื. ืกืืจืืดื ืคืดื ืืืดื. ืืงืืดืช ืคืณ ืขืงื ืืดื ืืืืืช ืืฉืืขืช (ืื, ื. ืฉื, ื). ืืจืื ืืืดืง ืืดื ืขืณ ืงืื. ืืืืดื].
ืืื ื ืืืดื ืืื ืื ืืจืืืช ืืืืืจืืืชื, ืคืฉืื ืืืจืืจ ืฉืื ืืฆื ืืืดื. ืืืืช ืืื ืฆืจืื ืืืฉืฉ.
ืืื ืื ืืชืดื ืืื ืื ืืืจืืืช ืืื ื ืืืดืช, ืืดื ืืจื ืืืจืื ื ืฆืดื ืืณ ืืจืืืช ืืืงื. ืืืดื ืืืื ืืคืดื ืฉืืฆื ืืืดื ืืฉืื ืงืืื ืืืืช ืืจืืืดื ืืจืื ื ืืืืืืช ืขืืื. ืืืกืื ืื ืืืจ, ืฉืืดื ืืืืจ ืืฉื ื ืืืืืข ืฉืืืขื ืืืืื ืฉืื ืืฆื ืืืดื, ืืืื ืื ืืฉื ื ืืืืืข ืืืื ืืื ืฉืืืกืจ ืืณ ืืจืืืช ืฉืืืืืช.
ืืขืคืดื, ืื ืืฉืดื ืืืืืจืื ืื ืดื ืืืืืื ืืืณ ืืคืืกืงืื ืฉืืฆื ืืืดื ืืืจืื ืืืช - ืืืดื ืืื ืืืืื, ืืืื ืื ืืืดืช ืงืืืจื, ืืืดื ืืืจืื ื ืขืืืื ืื ืืฆื ืืืดื.
ืืืช ืืขืื ืืืจืช, ืื ืืชืื ื ืืืฉืงืืดื ืืื ืงืืื ืืฆืื ืืจืื ื, ืื ืืฆื ืืืดื ืืืฆืื ืืืืืจืืืชื (ืจืื ืชืืืดื ืืืืจ - ืกืืื ื, ื). [ืืจืื ืืืขืืดื ืืคืืดื ืกืจืขืดื ืืืดื ืกืงืดื. (ืืขืืืดืข ืืคืืดื ืกืจืกืดื ืืืดื ืกืงืดื). ืืืืจ ืืงืืืื ืืฉืืดืช ืืจืืืดื ืื ืดื. ืืจืื ืืจืื ืืฉืืืฉืช ืคืกืืื ืคืดื ืืดื. ืืจืื ืืื ืกืื ืืฉืืดื ืืขืจืืช ืืืดื ืืื ื ื. ืืืืดื ืขืื ืืขื ืื ืื ืดื].
ืืขืคืดื ืืืื ืฉืื ืฉืืืืื ืืืืืืดืจ (ืืื ื ืกืืดื) ืฉืืฆื ืืืดื - ืืืื ื ืืืืืจืืืชื ืืืงื. ืืืดื ืืืืจ ืืฉืืดืช ืงืื ืืืืื ืฉื. ืืืดื ืืืืืดืจ ืกืงืกืดื ืกืงืืดื. ืืขืืืืดื ืืืจืืดื ืกืงืกืดื ืกืงืดื.
ืืืคืฉืืืช, ืฉืืื ืืืจืืช ืืขืืดื ืฉืื ืฉืืืืืช ืืืืจืื ืืืขืื ืื ืืณ ืืจืืืช, ืืื ืชืืงื ืื ืืดื ืืืณ ืืื ืื ืืืื, ืืืืืื ืชืืชื ืืืืจ ืฉืืืฆื ืืืดื ืืืจืื ืืืจืช ืืืืจื. ืืืื ืืืื ืื ืฉืื ืืคืืขืืื ืื ืชืืงื ื ืืจืืช ืืขืืดื, ืืืื ืฉืืืดื ืืืืจ ืืจืืืดื ืืื (ืืจืื ืืฉืืื ืืช ืฉื ืืฆืื ืืืืืจืดืช ืกืงื ืดื ืกืงืดื ืื ืฉื ืืืง ืืื).
[ืืื ืชืืงืฉื, ืื ืชืืงืฉื, ืฉืืืืดืง ืืดื (ืื ืดื) ื ืงื ืจืง ืืฆื ืืจืืช ืืชืืจื (ืืืืืงืื), ืืื ืืฆื ืฉืื ืื ืืืืืข ืฉืืืกืืจ ืืจืืืช ืฉืืืืืช ืฉื ืืจืืช ืืืจืฅ ืืืจืืฉืืื. [ืืจืื ืื ืืืืดืง ืืดื ืื ืดื. ืืืืื ืืืดืค ืืืืื ืชื ืฉืชืืื ืืณ ืืืจืืืช ืืื ืืืดืช, ืืื ืฉืื ืื ื ืืืดืช]. ืืจืืืชื ืืื ืฉืคืืณ ืฉืืืื ืชื ืฉืืดื ืืืืืจืืืชื. ืื ืฉืืจ ืืงืืฉืื ืืืณ ืืืืดื ืฉืืืดืช ืืืฆื ืืืจืื ืืณ ืืขืืดื. ืืืืืดื ืืงืื ืืื ืืืืดืง ืืืขืช ืืืืดื ืืกืืจืืดื , ืฉืืฉืืข ืืืืจืื (ืจืื ืืืื ืืฉืืดืข ืืืืดื ืกืงืกืดื ืกืดื ืืืณ ืืืืดื ืืกืืจืืดื ืคืดื ืืดื) ืฉืืฉ ืืืื ืืืื ืืจืืืดื ืืืื ืืืืจืืืชื, ืืืื ืืคื ืฉืืจืขืดื ืชืืงื ืืจืืช ืืื ืืืจืื ืืคืดืข (ืขืืืดืฉ ืืืดื). ืืื ืฉืืืืดื ืคืืณ ืื ืดื ืืืืดืง - ืฉืจืดื ืฉืืืืืจืืืชื ืืดื - ืืืืง. (ืืืืืืง ืืืดืค ืืืืดืง ืื ืดื, ืฉืืื ืืืื ืชื ืืืืจ ืืืฃ ืืขื ืื, ืืดื ืื ืฉื ืจืื ืืกืคืจืื ืื ืดื, ืืืืดืฉ ืฉื ืดืืื ืกืคืจืื ืื ืดื ืชืืช ืืื. ืืื ืื ืจืื ืืขืื ืืคื ื ืฉืืื ืื ืืจืืช ืืชืืจืืด). ืืขืฆืดืข].
ืืขืื ืืขืื ืืืจืืชื ืืืื ืืืืื, ืฉืื ืืฆื ืืืืช ืืจืืืดื, ืืืื ืฉืื ืืืจ ืืจืืช ืืชืืจื, ืืืืื ืืขืืช ืืืืช ืืืืจืช ืืจืืช ืืชืืจื ืืื ืืืืืจืืืชื. ืืืฃ ืืชืดื ืืืืขืืช ืฉืืื ืืจืืช ืืชืืจื ืืืืืจืืืชื - ืืจื ืืืจืื ื ืืืื ืฆืดื ืืจืืช ืืชืืจื. ืืื ื ืงืืืืดื (ืฉืืดืข (ืืืืืืดื) ืืืดื ืกืงืคืดื ืกืดื (ืกืดื)) ืืืขืืืืื ืืื, ืืื ืฉืื ืืืจื ืื ืืฆื. ืืื ืืคืืขืืื ืฉืืงืฆืจืื ืืืจืืชื ืืืืืืื ืืจืื ืืณ ืืืจืื ืืณ, ืืืืืื ืืืืืจืช ืืจืืช ืืชืืจื ืืขืืืืื.
ืืื ืืขื ืื ืื ืืดื ืืกืืจื ืื ืืณ, ืฉืืืื ืฉืชืืงื ืืื ืืืดื ืื ืืฆื ืืืดื ืื ืืืืืจืืืชื (ืจืื ืืคืืดื ืกืงืคืดื ืืืดื ืกืงืดื. ืืืืจืืืืช ืืืชืจ - ืืกืคืจื ืจืืฉ ืืืกืฃ ืืจืืืช ืื, ื).
(ืืืฉืดื ืืฉืืดืช ืืืืดื ืืดื ืกืืดื ืืืืืช ืืืจืืช ืืขืื ืืณ ืฉืืืฆื ืื ืืืดื ืืืืขืื - ืืืจ ืืืื ืฉืืืจื ืืฆืื, ืฉืืจื ืืืจืืช ืืขืืดื ืืคืืจืฉ ืืืขื ืืคื ืฉืืชืคืืช ืขืจืืืช ืฉืืื ืจืฉืืช ืืงืื. ืืืจืื ืืืืฅ ืื ืืืืง, ื ืืืง ืืคืจืฉ ืืืณ ืืืืจ ืฉืืณ ืืืฉืื ืืื ืดืืืื ืืืฆื ืืืจืื ืืืช ืืขืืดื ืืืงืื ืืดืืด - ืฉืืืื ืชื ืืคื ืฉืืจืืช ืืขืืดื ืืื ื ืชืงื ื ืงืืืขื. ืืืื ืืคืืณ ืื ืื ืจืื ืืืณ ืืืืจ. ืืืคืืจืืฉื, ืืขืืงืจ ืืกืจ ืื ืืกืคืจ. ืืื ืฉืืืื ืกืืืืืื ืืืืจืื ืืืณ ืืืืืืจืื - ืื ื ืืืืืืจืื ืขืฆืื ืืคืืจืฉ ืฉืืืื ืงืืฉืื ื ืืกืคืช, ืืืืืจืื ืืืื ืฉืื ืคืืณ ืื ืืืณ ืืืืจ (ืืื ืืฉืืดืช ืืืืดื ืฉื ืฉืช ืืื ืืื, ืืื ืฉืืื ืืณ ืืืืืจืื). ืืืืจ ืืชื ืืืดืจ ืื ืดื ืื ืืื ืืืืชื ืฉืืืดืค ืืืืืื ืืืจืืช ืืขืืดื ืืขื ืื ื ื, ืืืืจืื - ืืืคืื ืืืคืื ื ืืื ื, ืฉืืขืืดื ืฉืื ื ืืืดื ืืื ืืืดื ืืจืืืดื.
ืืืืืื ืืื ืืฆืื ื, ืฉืืืื ืคืืกืงืื (ืืดืจ ืกืงืดื ืกืงืดื. ืืจืื ืคืืดื ืืืดื ืฉื ืกืงืดื. ืืืดื ืืฉืืืดืง ืืจืืืช ื, ื ืืดื ืืืื ื ื) ืืืชืคืื ืืืื ื ื ืฉืื ืืฉืขืืืดื ืื ืืฆื ืืืดื, ืืฃ ืฉืืขืืงืจื ืชืืงื ืืื ืืชืืจ ืืืืข ืชืคืื, ืืืฉืดื ืืืขืืดื ืฉืื ื ืชืงื ื ืขืืืจ ืคืช, ืืื ืดื.
ืืืฉืดื ืขืื ืืฉืืดืช ืืืืดื ืฉื ืฉืืื ืืืืจืช ืืจืืช ืืชืืจื ืืขืืืช ืืื ืืฉืืืืจ ืืืืืข ืืจืืืดื, ืืื ืืืืืข ืืืจ. (ืืืืืืณ ืืืณ ืืจืืดื ืืืงืื, ืฉืืณ ืืืืืื ืฉืืื ืืจืืช ืืชืืจื ืืขืืืื ืืืื ืืขืื ื ืืืืืจื ืื ืืืขืืดื - ืืืื ืืกืดื ืฉืืื ืืงืื ืืืืง ืืื ืืื. ืืืฃ ืื ืืืืื, ืขืืฆืดื ืฉืืขืื ืจืง ืืืืืช ืืจืืืดื ืืื ืืืืืช ืืขืืดื. ืืขืืืื ืืื ืื ื ืืืืื ืืืขืืดื ืฉืืื ืืืงืื ืืจืืืดื). ืืืชื ืฉื ืืืืืช ืืืจืืช ืืขืืดื ืฉืืืดื ืืืืจืช ืืฉืืื - ืืืื ื ืจืง ืืืขืืืณ ืืกืดื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืืฆืืช ืืืดื ืืืจืื ืืืช ืืขืื ืืื ืืจืืืช, ืืืืืจืืช ืืขืืดื. ืืืืจ ื ืชืณ ืกืชืืจืช ืืืจืื ืืขืื, ืื ืคื ืืืกืื ืืืืืื ื ืคื ืืื ืื. ืืื ื ืชืดื ืฉืืืจืืช ืืคืืขืืื ืืืื ืฉืื ืืฉืืื ื ืืืืจ ืืืืืข ืืณ ืืจืืืช ืืืื ืืืืืจืช ืืจืืช ืืชืืจื.
ืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืณ ืืืจ, ืื ื ืืื ืืืืช ืืืืืช ืืืจืืช ืืขืืดื ืืื ืืืจืืช ืืืื ื ื ืฉืืดื ืื ืืืืืืดื. ืืื ืืืดืข ืฉืช ืืื, ืฉืืกืืจืช ืจืขืงืดื (ืืืืืืช ืืฉืืดืข ืืืดื ืกืงืืดื ืกืดื) ืฉืืืื ืฉืืช ืืื ืืืืจืช ืืฉืืื ืืขืืืช - ืืืื ืื ืืืืืชื.
ืืืืืดื, ืืื ืื ืืื ืืืื, ืืืชื ืืขืืงืจื ืชืืงื ื ืืืืข ืืจืื ืงืฆืจื ืขืืืจ ืืฉืดืฆ, ืืืืืื ืฉืชืคืืดืข ืจืฉืืช, ืชืืงื ื ืฉืืืืื ืืืฆื ืืืืืข ืืงืฆืจ ืืืืขืื. ืืื ืื ืืืดื ืฉืืืื ืืืดืช ืืืณ ืืจืืืช, ืืืืจืื ื ืขืืดืค - ืืืจืืช ืืชืืจื, ืืื ืชืืงื ื ืืืืข ืงืฆืจ ืืคืช, ืืืืื ืชืืชื ืืืืจ ืฉืืืฆื ืืืดื ืืฉืื ืืืืืจ ืืืจืื ืืืขืืืื. ืืจืื ืื ืืฉืดื ืืื ืืงืืืฅ ืืืื ืฉื ืืืณ ื ืขืณ ืกื.
ืืขืื ืืฉ ืืืืง ืืคืืฉืดื ืืื ืืืจืื ืื (ืืฉืงืืดื ืืื ืืืดื. ืืืืดื) ืฉืืืืจืช ืืฉืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืจื ืืจืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืข ืืจืืืช, ืืืืืืื ืืื ืฉืืืื ืืืืืืจ ืืฉืืืข ืชืคืื. (ืืืดืฉ ืืค"ื ืกืืจืช ืจืขืงืดื ืื ืดื, ืฉืืืื ืฉืืช ืืดืฆ ืืืืืจืช ืืฉืืื, ืืืืืืณ ืฆืดื ืืกืืจื ืืืืง ืืืืฃ ืืืืข ืืืจืื. ืืืื ืดื ืืดืฉ, ืืืื ืฉืืืดื ืืืืฃ ืืืืข ืืืจืื ืืดื ืืืืช ืืืืจื. ืืืืดื ื ืื ืืงืื ืืืืง ืฉืืืืดื ืฉืื ืืฉืืช ืืฉืื ืืขืืดื ืืดื ืืืจืืช ืืขืืดื, ืื ืืืณ ืจืขืงืดื (ืจืื ืืฉื ืดื ืกืจืกืดื ืืืืดื ืกืืดื - ืืฃ ืฉืืืืดื ืกืงืืดื ืกืดื ืืืดื ืืจืขืงืดื)). ืืื ืืืจืืช ืืชืืจื ืืฉืืื ืืืณ ืืคืืกืงืื (ืืกืงืคืดื) ืฉืืื ืืืืจ ืืืืข ืฉืืืขื ืืืืื).
ืืื, ืฉืืฉ ืฉืชืื ืขืฆืื ืืืืื ืืืื, ืืืณ ืืืดื ืกืงืกืดื ืกืงืดื, ืื ืืืข ืืคืืืดื ืฉืืกืคืง ืืืจื ืืืดื ืืืขืืดื, ืฉืืณ ืืืจืื ืฉืืฆื ืืืดื ืืื. ืืื ืืืืช ืืื ืืณ ืืืดื ืกืืชืจืื ืืืืจืื ื, ืฉืืจื ืืืดื ืืืืจื ืจืง ืืขื ืื ืืจืืช ืืืดื, ืฉืืืฆื ืืื ืืืดื ืืืืฆืื ืืืืขืื, ืืื ืืืฉื ืืืื ืื ืืืข ืืขืืงืจ ืืงืืฉืื - ืืจืืช ืืขืืดื ืืืงืื ืืจืืืืดื. ืืืืืื ืืืดืค ืืืืฆืื ืืื ืืืฉ ืืื. ืืืฃ ืืืืชื ืชืืงืฉื ืื ืืืข ืืืืืช ืืจืืืดื, ืื ื ืืื ืืืืื ื ืืคืกืืง ืืืื ืืืขืฉื ืขื ืืกืื ืงืืฉืื. ืืืืืื ืฉืงืืฉืื ืื ืืืงืืื ืขืืืืช, ืขื ืืจืื ื ืืืืฉื ืืืืดื, ืืฉืขืจื ืชืืจืืฆืื ืื ื ื ืขืื. ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืฆืื ื ืืคืืกืงืื ืืืดื ืืืคื ืื ืืืฉืื ืืงืืฉืื. ืืขืดื ืืฉืดื ืืืจืืฉื ืื ืดื, ืฉืืฃ ืฉืืื ื ืืืฆื ืืื ืืืดื ืืจืืืดื (ืืืคืืจืฉ ืืืืจืื), ืืดื ืืงืืืื ืฉืืืืจ ืืจืืช ืืขืืดื. (ืืจืื ืืดื ืืคืืดื ืืืดื ืฉื ืืืืื ืช ืืืดื). ืืืคืืดื ืืืื ืชื ืฉืืืืืช ืืจืืจื ืืืืงืื ืกืคืง ืฉืืงืืื ืืืืืจืืืชื. ืืืดื ืืืืดื ืกืงืฆืดื ืกืงืดื: ืืื ืืฉืืื ืฉืืื ื ืืืืข ืืจืื ื ืื ืืืืจ ืืืืจืืืชื. ืืขืืืืดื ืฉืืดืช ืืืดื ืืดื ืืืดื ืกืขืดื.
ืืืืื ืืืื ืืคืดื ืืฉืดื ืืืืืจ ืืกืงืกืดื ืกืืดื ืืขื ืื ืืืืื ืืืืฉืื ืฉืืจืดืฉ ืืืื ืจืง ืืชืื ืืกืขืืื, ืืื ืกืื ืื ืฉืืืจื ืืขืืดื ืฉืืืฆื ืืื ืืืืดืข - ืืงืืฉืื ืงืื ืฉืืืขืืดื ืืดื ืืื. (ืืื ืฉืืคืืืดื ืืดื ืื - ืืืจ ืืชืื ืืืืฉื ืืืื ืื ืคื. ืืืืดื ืืขื ืื ื ื ืืื).
ืืืื, ืืคืื ืจืืืื ืืฆืื ื ืืืณ ืืจืืฉืื ืื ืฉืืณ ืืืืื ืฉืืืืขืื ืืืฆื ืืืดื ืืืขืืดื - ืจืื ืืืืณ ืืจืืดื ืืืจืืืช ืื, ื. ืฉื ืื, ื. ืืืณ ืืจืืืืดื ืฉื. ืฉืืืดืง ืฉื. (ืืื ืจืื ืืงืื ืื ืืืข ืืืืืช ืืืืจ ืืืณ ืืืืืืกืื ืืืจืืืืดื. ืืื ืกืคืจ ืฉืืืดืง ืืืจืืืช, ืืืืืข ืืื ืืืืช ืจืง ืืืณ ืืจืืดื).
ืืืืืื, ืืืืืืช ืืจืืืช ืืืจืืืืดื ืคืดื ืืืดื ืฉืืฃ ืืืืขืื ืื ืืฆื. ืืืืืืณ ืื ื ืืืื ืกืชืจืื ื ืื ืื. (ืืื ืฉืืชืื ืฉืืืณ ืืืืืืกืื ืืืจืืืืดื ืืฉื, ืืื ื ืืฉืื ืืดื ืฉื ืืืจื ืืจืืดื).
ืืื ืฉืืคื ืื ืืืืืจ ืืขืื ืืื ืขืืื ืืงื ื ืืื, ืฉืืฃ ืฉืืืดืช ืืฆื, ืืดื ืืืจืื ื ืื ืืฆื. ืืืืืื ืฉืื ืืืื ืื ืืืืืื ืืืืจืืื, ืฉืื ืื ืื ืืืืจื ืืดื ืืฆื ืืืืช ืืจืืืดื ืืืืจืืืชื.
(ืืื ืฉืืขืช ืืจืืดื ืืืจืืืืดื ืืจืืืช ืื, ื ืฉืื ืืืืข ืืืจืืืช - ืืืืงื ืขืืดืค - ืืืืืจืืืชื. ืืฆืดื).
ืืื ืื ืืชืขืงืฉ ืืืชืขืงืฉ ืืคืจืฉ ืืืจืืื ืฉืืืืื ื ืฉืืฆื ืืืดื ืื ืืืจืื ื - ืืจื ืืจืืดื ืืฉืืืชื ืืกืดื ืฉืืื ืืจืืช ืืชืืจื ืืขืืืื (ืขืืืดืฉ ืื, ื. ืฉืืืดืง ืฉื). ืืืดื ืืืืืืช ืืจืืืช ืืืจืืืืดื ืคืดื ืืดื (ืืจืื ืื ืืืืณ ืืจืืืืดื ืื, ื). ืืืดื ืืื ืืื ืกืจื ืจืื' ืืืืื ืืงืืืืดื ืืืขืืืืื ืืื.
ืืขืื ืืืช, ืฉื ืืืงื ืจืืฉืื ืื ืื ืืขืืดื ืืืืจืืืชื, ืืืจื ืืืขืช ืืจืืดื (ืื, ื) ืืจืืช ืืขืืดื ืืื ืืืืืจืืืชื. ืืืดื ืืจืืืืดื (ืืืณ ืืจืืืช ืฉื. ืืื ืืคืดื ืืดื. ืืจืื ืืื ืกืื ืืืขืจืืช ืืืืืืจ ืืฉื), ืืืดื ืฉืคืืจ ืืืื ืืฉืดื ืฉืืืื ืืฆืืช ืืืดื ืขืดื ืืจืืช ืืขืืดื ืฉืืดื ืืืดืช.
ืืื ืืืจืช ืืงื ืื, ืฉืืจื ื ืืืงื ืืจืืฉืื ืื ืื ืืืืจ ืืื ืืฉื ื ืืืืืข ืฉืืืขื ืืืืื (ืจืื ืื ืจืืืดื ืงืดืฉ ืคืดื ืืดื. ืืจืืืช ืคืดื ืืดื. ืฉื ืืดื. ืืื ื ืื ืืดื ืืจืืืดื ืืื ืจืื ืืกืชืืจืช ืืืจืื). ืืืืืื ืฉืื, ืืจื ืืืืื ืืงืืืืดื ืฉืื ืฉืืฉื ื ืืคืชืืืช ืืืชืืืช ืืืจืื ืื ืืืืจืื ืืืขืืืื ืื ืืฆื - ืืืื ืืืคืดื ืฉืืฆื ืืืืดื. ืืืื ืืืืื ื ืืืืืื ืืืณ ืฉืืจ ืืจืืฉืื ืื ืืขื ืื ืื.
ืืืคืจื ืฉืื ืดื ืืจื ืื ืืจืืฉืื ืื ืืฆืื ื ืืืืืืช ืืจืืืืดื (ืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืืืขืฉื) ืฉืคืกืง ืฉืื ืืฆื ืืืดื, ืืื ื ืงืื ืืืืื ืืคืืกืงืื.
ืืื ืฉืื ื ืืืจืื ื ืืื ืื ื ืฉืืชืืื ืืืจืืช ื ืืื ืื, ืืืื ืฉืืฆื ืืื ืืจืืช ืืื. ืืืฃ ืื ืืฉืืคืกืืง ืืฉืืื, ืฉืืืืขืื ืืืฆื (ืจืืดื ืกืงืคืดื ืกืดื. ืืืืดื ืฉื ืกืืดื). ืืืฃ ืฉืืฉืื ืืขืื ืืืืืจืข ืืืืจ ืืจืืฉ ืืคื ืฉืฉืืฉืชื ืืฉืืืืช ืืืืช (ืืืดื ืกืงืคืดื ืกืงืดื. ืืืืดื ืฉื ืกืดื) - ืืฉ ืืืืง ืืงื. ืืฆืดืข ืืืืคื ืืจืืื ืฉืืกืื ืืขืชื ืืืืจื ืขืื (ืืืืืืืช ืขืงืจ ืจืืืื ืืฉืืืดืข ืฉืืกืื ืืขืชื ืืืืืจ ืชืื ืื ืื), ืื ืืืื ืขืืืื ืืืืฉืื ืืืจืืช ืืืจืฅ.
[ืืืืืืดืง ืืืณ ืืืืดื ืืกืืจืืดื ืคืดื ืืืดื ืืืืื ืืื ืฉืืืขื ืืขืืกื ืืืืื ืช ืฉืืฉ ืืืืืืจ ืืกืคืง, ืืคื ืฉืืจืืช ืืื ืืื ืืขืื ืกืคืง ืฉื ืชืืจื, ืืืฉืืข ืงืฆืช ืฉืื ืืฆื ืื ืืจืืช ืืื, ืขืืดืค ืืชืงื ืช ืืจืขืดื - ืฉืืืดืค ืืคืฉืืืืช ืฉืืืื ืฉืืืืดื ืืื ื ืืืื ืืคืืดื ืืืืฉืื ืืืืจื ืื ืืื ืื ืืกืคืง, ืฉืืจื ืืขืืงืจ ืืืื ืืจืืชื ืืขืืดื, ืืดื ืืืดื ืฉืืืื ืืืจืืืดื ืื ืงืืื ืชืงื ืช ืืจืขืดื ืืืจื ืืจืื ืืคืดืข ืฉื ืืื. ืืืื ืืืืืจ ืืืืื ืืชืื ืืกืขืืื. ืืขืืฆืดื ืื, ืืืืดื ืชืืงืฉื ืืืณ ืืืืดื, ืฉืืจื ืืืฆื ืืืดื ืืจืืช ืืื ืืคืืณ ืืืจืื ืจืืื ื, ืืืืืข ืืืจืข ืืืงื ืฉื ืืขืืดื ืืฆื ืฉืืืกืืฃ ืื ืืขืื ืืจืืช ืืืจืฅ ืืืจืืฉืืื. ืืืืืจื ืืคืจืฉ ืฉืชืงื ืช ืืจืขืดื ืืืชื ืฉืื ืืืจืื ืืขืืดื ืืดื ืืจืืช ืืื ืืคืดืข].
ืืืืืจืขื ืื ืืืข ืื ืฉืื - ืืื ืืฆื ืขืืงืจ ืืกืคืง ืื ืืืืืื ืืืจืืืดื ืืืืจืืืชื. ืืืคืจื ืฉืืื ืืืืืื ืืืจืืช ืืชืืจื. ืืืฉืดื ืืืขืช ืืคืืกืงืื ืฉืืื ืกืคืง ืืจืืืดื, ืื ืฉืื ืคืืืจืืช ืืืจื ืขืืืดืค (ืจืื ืืื ืกืื ืืืืืดืข ืืจืืืช ืขืณ ืจืื). ืืืืดื ืขืื.