257 Pi Tikrah—Roof Overhang
If a roof has an overhang (eaves), many people are nichshal, stumble, and assume that the area beneath it is a reshus hayachid, private domain, and it is permissible to carry on Shabbos between their house and the area under the roof extension (or within that area itself). Actually, it is halachically considered a reshus harabim, public domain, or a karmelis, semi-public domain—depending on the type of area the house opens into—and it is forbidden to carry there on Shabbos. Poskim, including the Alter Rebbe, tell us:
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This is absolutely prohibited and the many people who stumble in this regard must be forewarned—it should not be done among Jews. There is a halachah of pi tikrah yoreid vesosaim, that the ceiling itself can be considered a mechitzah, a wall, but only under certain conditions; if the area in question is open on all sides, then the ceiling cannot be considered a wall, even if there are poles at each corner.
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